Effects of Concentration of Eluent on Elution Volume (KC-811)

As the pH of the eluent and the column temperature affect the dissociation of organic acids, they are important for the adjustment of separation when RSpak KC-811 is used.

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Substances Elution Volume (mL)
Eluent (1) Eluent (2) Eluent (3) Eluent (4)
Oxalic acid   9.27   9.41   9.62   9.72
Maleic acid   9.70 10.15 10.51 11.12
α-Ketoglutaric acid   9.96 10.44 10.87 11.37
Oxaloacetic acid 10.48 11.22 11.77 12.50
Pyruvic acid 10.51 11.24 11.76 12.48
2-Ketogluconic acid 10.59 11.13 11.52 11.73
Phosphoric acid 10.61 10.95 11.27 11.58
Citric acid 10.84 11.32 11.71 11.81
Tartaric acid 11.06 11.66 12.14 12.31
Isocitric acid 11.10 11.54 11.88 11.89
Glucuronic acid 11.16 11.44 11.71 11.76
trans-Aconitic acid 11.47 12.43 13.11 13.48
Malonic acid 11.54 12.36 12.96 13.40
Galacturonic acid 11.83 12.12 12.41 12.39
Gluconic acid 12.29 12.53 12.78 12.48
Glyoxylic acid 12.35 12.86 13.26 13.86
Malic acid 12.50 12.99 13.37 13.42
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 13.47 13.91 14.02 14.15
Ascorbic acid 13.53 13.69 13.88 13.80
Fumaric acid 14.47 16.09 17.16 17.75
Succinic acid 15.30 15.52 15.79 15.69
Glycolic acid 15.60 15.92 16.26 16.22
Itaconic acid 15.92 16.42 16.80 16.79
Lactic acid 16.02 16.39 16.67 16.68
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid 16.52 16.82 17.05 17.05
Adipic acid 16.65 19.84 20.17 20.01
β-Hydroxypropionic acid 16.94 17.04 17.18 17.12
Formic acid 17.18 17.55 17.86 17.92
Mesaconic acid 17.20 19.20 20.47 21.06
Uric acid 17.89 17.93 18.31 18.00
Pyroglutamic acid 18.59 20.25 20.99 21.65
Acetic acid 19.19 19.29 19.41 19.36
Levulinic acid 20.01 20.19 20.27 20.23
Propionic acid 22.33 22.43 22.54 22.49
HCO3- 24.72 24.72 24.50 24.68
Isobutyric acid 25.35 25.47 25.59 25.55
n-Butyric acid 27.32 27.46 27.61 27.57
Isovaleric acid 31.89 32.07 32.28 32.20
n-Valeric acid 38.36 38.57 38.89 38.75
Columns
：Shodex RSpak KC-811 (8.0 mm I.D. x 300 mm) x 2
Eluent
：(1) ; 1 mM HClO4 aq.
(2) ; 2 mM HClO4 aq.
(3) ; 3 mM HClO4 aq.
(4) ; 5 mM HClO4 aq.
Flow rate
：1.0 mL/min
Column temp.
：50 ℃

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